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<title>University of Virginia School of Nursing: Mental Health Shortages Research</title>
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<title>Impact of Shortages of Professionals on Health Outcomes</title>
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About the Project 
Shortage Area Tables 
Shortage Area Maps 
Preliminary Reports 


About the Project
Funded by: NIH/NIMH 1 R01MH066293-01A1Principal Investigator: Elizabeth Merwin, PhD, RN, FAAN
Abstract:
Project Importance: An ongoing challenge to the provision of state of the science, empirically tested mental health interventions in rural areas is a shortage of mental health and general health care professionals. The lack of specialty mental health professionals in many rural areas is compounded by the current registered nurse shortage, which is predicted to worsen. More daunting is the lack of providers with adequate training in the provision of culturally relevant care as well as the small number of mental health providers of different minority race and ethnic populations. The shortages of these professionals may result in the absence of care, the provision of substandard care, poor consumer outcomes, the lack of culturally acceptable care and, ultimately, in negative health for the community.
Project Goals: Using existing data we will evaluate the impact of having different amounts and mixes of professionals on public health and utilization types of outcomes. We will: 1)determine the influence of community characteristics including race, poverty and rurality on the availability of different types of mental health professionals; 2)evaluate the relationship between current and proposed numbers of professionals, the need for culturally relevant mental health care and the outcomes of mental health care; and 3) propose better methods for determining a shortage of mental health professionals (e.g. HPSA's).
Project Outcomes: Products of the research will include a CD with information on the nation, states', and counties' mental health workforce. This data will be available for use in planning by policy-makers and for use in other research studies. The study will provide both improved data and improved methods to create and evaluate different definitions of Mental Health Shortage Areas. According to the Health Resources and Services Administration more than 34 federal programs depend on the shortage designation to determine eligibility or as a funding reference (HRSA, 2002). This study will provide improved accuracy to these important designations which influence eligibility for participation in federal programs, loan repayment for the National Health Service Corps and financial incentives to providers for caring for Medicare clients residing in these designated areas.
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Shortage Area Tables
Virginia Data 
Mental Health Shortage Areas 
Rural vs. Urban Areas in the US* 
Nurse Practitioners per County 
Psychiatrists per County 
* click here for United States Department of Agriculture Rural-Urban continum codes
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Shortage Area Maps
Select a study to view its maps
 A County Perspective of Rural and Urban Areas Mental Health Shortage Areas Nurse Practitioners to Population Psychiatrists to Population Suicide rates -- 

 Select a map Nationwide Alaska Alabama Arkanas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Iowa Idaho Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts Maryland Maine Michigan Minnesota Missouri Missippi Montana North Carolina North Dakota Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico Nevada New York Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Vermont Washington Wisconson West Virginia Wyoming  Select a map Nation Wide Virginia 
Availability of Health Professionals, 2000  Number of Counselors per 10,000 population Number of Psychologists per 10,000 population Number of Registered Nurses per 10,000 population Number of Social Workers per 10,000 population Number of Counselors with MS degree or higher per 10,000 population Number of Psychologists with MS degree or higher per 10,000 population Number of Registered Nurses with MS degree or higher per 10,000 population Number of Social Workers with MS degree or higher per 10,000 population --  Select a map Nationwide Alaska Alabama Arkanas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Iowa Idaho Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts Maryland Maine Michigan Minnesota Missouri Missippi Montana North Carolina North Dakota Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico Nevada New York Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Vermont Washington Wisconson West Virginia Wyoming 
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Reports &amp;amp; Working Papers
Shortages of Health Professionals in Rural Areas - A Look at Virginia 
Identification of Different Types of Federal Programs that Utilize Health Professional Shortage Area Designations 
Mental Health Treatment for Rural Poor And Minorities 
Wald tests in SAS, SPSS, Stata 
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Additional Information
Weblinks to information on Definition of Rura l 
National Maps showing Distribution of Rural and Minority Population 
Reviews of Recent Publications on Improving the Cultural Competence of Health Professionals and the Cultural Relevance and Acceptability of Care: Specific Review for Information Related to the Health Professional Laborforce 
Psychiatrist Links 
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Licensure Information for Mental Health and Nursing 
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